UAR(1L) UNIX AppleTalk Router (Jul 12 1994) UAR(1L)
NAME
UAR - UNIX AppleTalk Router
SYNOPSIS
uar [ -d <level> ] [ -f <uar.conf> ] [ -l <logfile> ] [ -z
<capzone> ] [ -c ] [ -C ] [ -1 ] [ -2 ] interfaces
DESCRIPTION
uar is a 'UNIX AppleTalk Router' supporting Phase 1 or Phase
2 AppleTalk routing between multiple ethernet interfaces on
a UNIX workstation. UAR also supports CAP services and
simple AppleTalk packet tunneling over an IP internet.
UAR currently supports Phase 1 and Phase 2 EtherTalk
networks connected to SUN, DEC ULTRIX/Alpha, SGI IRIX, Sony
NEWS 4.2, HP-UX 8.07 and IBM RS6000 AIX workstations, and
Phase 1 only on Sony NEWS pre-4.2 and 386BSD/FreeBSD
workstations.
The options that uar accepts are:
-d <level>
<level> specifies the uar debugging level. <level> is a
number obtained by OR'ing the required debugging flags
to enable debugging for each subsystem
0x0001 - Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
0x0002 - Name Binding Protocol
0x0004 - AppleTalk Echo Protocol
0x0008 - Zone Information Protocol
0x0010 - Internet Protocol
0x0020 - Ethernet level
0x0040 - Routing
0x0080 - packet dumps
0x0100 - timers
0x0200 - AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol
0x0400 - CAP
0x1000 - TNNL
-f <uar.conf>
specifies that UAR use the specified uar.conf file,
rather than the default which is expected to be in
/usr/local/lib/cap/uar.conf.
-l <logfile>
specifies the file to be used for logging notification
or configuration mismatch PANIC errors. The default
file name is /usr/tmp/uar.log.
-z <capzone>
specifies the default zone for CAP services. This zone
must be defined for the local Phase 2 network.
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-1 specifies AppleTalk Phase 1. This option is normally
used only when no configuration file is present.
-2 specifies AppleTalk Phase 2, the default. This option
is normally used only when no configuration file is
present.
-c disables DDP checksums (default is on).
-C attaches CAP to the first interface. This option is
normally used only when no configuration file is
present.
interfaces
one or more ethernet interface names as listed by
'netstat -i' or the special interface name "tnnl", must
match those listed in uar.conf.
FILES
/usr/local/lib/cap/uar.conf - configuration file.
CONFIGURATION
The router is configured from a configuration file, if no
file is provided the router will glean the necessary
information from other routers on the network (ie: it acts
as a non-seed router). An example file:
# configuration file for UAR
#
interface le0
node 244
network 83.5
networklo 83.5
networkhi 83.6
zone unimelb-CompSci
zonelist unimelb-CompSci
zonelist unimelb-Maths
zonelist unimelb-Stats
zonename unimelb-Maths
phase 2
cap on
interface le1
network 83.4
zone "unimelb-CompSci"
zonelist "unimelb-CompSci"
phase 2
cap off
There should be a "zonelist" entry for each of the zones on
a Phase 2 network (including the default zone). NB: this is
not the same as the full zone list for the entire network.
The "zone" entry should contain the default zone name for
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the cable. CAP services will appear in the default zone
unless explicitly set to one of the local cable zones with a
"zonename" entry.
The "node" entry is optional. If not supplied, node numbers
are assigned starting from 253 (for Phase 2 networks and 254
on Phase 1 networks). On EtherTalk interfaces the node
numbers are dynamically assigned using the "node" entry as a
hint. Multinode services, ie: CAP are assigned starting
from the interface node number downwards. For this reason
it is suggested that the node hint be chosen from the high
end of the valid range (1-253).
The configuration information in uar.conf *MUST* be
identical to that configured into other routers for the
local network. If the network range or default zone
information in the usr.conf file does not match that of
other routers on the network, UAR will write a PANIC message
to a log file (by default /usr/tmp/uar.log) and exit.
CAP
If your CAP distribution is at patch level 144 or greater,
run the Configure script and choose the UAR (and, if
appropriate, Phase 2) options. Run 'gen.makes' and rebuild
CAP. Start UAR first in the start-cap-servers script with a
'sleep 20' prior to starting 'atis'
CAP=/usr/local/cap
${CAP}/uar ie0 ie1
sleep 20
# aarpd is not necessary with UAR
${CAP}/atis
sleep 5
...
TUNNELING
UAR supports a simple method for tunneling AppleTalk packets
over an IP internet. That is, EtherTalk networks separated
by IP-only routers may be joined seamlessly by running UAR
on UNIX hosts connected to each net.
The only restriction is that network numbers at each
location must be unique across the extended EtherTalk
network. ie: network number remapping is not supported.
IP tunneling is specified as an additional interface in each
uar.conf file as follows
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interface tnnl
node 253
network 83.3
zone unimelb-CompSci
peer "253 @ 128.250.97.86"
peer "252 @ 128.250.73.40"
phase 2
Each UAR host participating in IP tunneling must contain
identical network, zone, peer and phase entries and each
must have a unique node number. A UAR tunnel, since it is
effectively a separate network/cable, must be assigned a
unique network number. The peer entries are used to map
node numbers to IP addresses.
For security reasons, remote UAR hosts are not permitted to
participate in tunneling unless their IP address is
explicitly listed as a peer in the local uar.conf file.
On UNIX hosts that have multiple ethernet interfaces (and
thus multiple IP addresses), a peer entry for the local node
number (253 in the above example) is used to specify which
interface address is to be used for outgoing traffic.
The default UDP port used for tunneling is 9115. To change
this, add an entry to /etc/services for all participating
hosts:
tnnl 9115/udp # UAR tunneling port
SEE ALSO
CAP (Columbia AppleTalk Package)
AUTHOR
djh@munnari.OZ.AU, May 1994.
UPDATES
Updates via FTP from munnari.OZ.AU as mac/uar.tar.Z
NOTICE
Copyright (c) 1994, The University of Melbourne.
UAR may NOT be publicly redistributed (for example via
anonymous FTP), sold, or the source used for any other
purpose without the permission of the copyright owner.
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